Telefoni Zishobora Gutangira Kuvugana na Satellites Zidakeneye Iminara: Amerika Ifashe Intambwe Nshya

Ikoranabuhanga rishobora guhindura uburyo abantu bakoresha telefoni ririmo gutera imbere, nyuma y’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika itangiye gushyigikira uburyo telefoni n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bizajya bishobora guhuza na satellites mu isanzure, aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku minara isanzwe y’itumanaho.

Iri koranabuhanga rizwi nka Direct-to-Device (D2D), aho telefoni ishobora kohereza cyangwa kwakira amakuru binyuze kuri satellite. Intego nyamukuru ni gufasha abantu kubona serivisi z’itumanaho ahantu hatagira network isanzwe cyangwa aho kuyubaka bigoye.

Ku wa 7 Ukwakira 2026, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) yatangaje ko iteganya gutora ku wa 29 Ukwakira ku cyifuzo cyo guteza imbere serivisi za Direct-to-Device. Icyo cyifuzo kirimo n’amategeko mashya yagamije koroshya ikoreshwa rya satellite mu guha telefoni coverage.

Muri gahunda iri gusuzumwa, FCC irateganya gushyira ku isoko 25 MHz za spectrum zizakoreshwa muri serivisi za Direct-to-Device, ndetse ikaba ishaka ko andi 482 MHz aboneka mu rwego rwo kongera serivisi zitangwa na satellites.

Ibi bishobora gufasha cyane ahantu hakunze kugira ikibazo cya network. Umuntu ushobora kuba ari mu cyaro, mu misozi cyangwa mu kandi gace kure y’imiyoboro isanzwe ashobora kuzajya abasha gukoresha telefoni ye binyuze kuri satellite, bitewe n’ubushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bizakoreshwa.

SpaceX, ikigo cya Elon Musk, ni kimwe mu bigo biri gushora imari muri Direct-to-Device binyuze kuri Starlink. Ku wa 6 Ukwakira, FCC yemereye SpaceX gukoresha gahunda y’ama-satellites agera ku 15,000 mu gutanga serivisi zirimo Direct-to-Device.

SpaceX kandi yari yaraguze spectrum ya 65 MHz muri EchoStar ku gaciro ka miliyari $19.6, mu rwego rwo kwagura ibikorwa bya Starlink bijyanye na serivisi za telefoni.

Ibi bishobora gutuma Starlink itaba serivisi ya internet yo mu ngo gusa, ahubwo ikagenda yinjira no mu rwego rwa serivisi z’itumanaho rya telefoni.

SpaceX si yo yonyine iri gushaka gutera imbere muri iri koranabuhanga. Amazon Leo na yo yatangaje gahunda yo kubaka constellation igera kuri satellites 5,105, izafasha gutanga serivisi z’amajwi, ubutumwa, internet n’iz’ubutabazi kuri telefoni ziri ahantu hatagerwaho na network isanzwe.

Amazon yavuze ko deployment y’iyo gahunda ishobora gutangira mu 2028, mu gihe ikomeje gushaka uburenganzira bwa FCC.

Ibi bivuze ko hari amarushanwa akomeye arimo kubaho hagati y’ibigo bitandukanye mu gushaka uburyo telefoni zisanzwe zajya zihuza na satellites.

Mu buryo busanzwe, telefoni ikenera umunara uri hafi kugira ngo ihamagare cyangwa ikoreshe internet. Direct-to-Device yo ishaka guhindura iyo mikorere, telefoni ikajya ishobora guhuza na satellite iri hejuru yayo.

Ibi bishobora kugira akamaro gakomeye mu bice bya kure, mu butayu, mu nyanja, mu misozi no mu tundi duce ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho bitaragera.

Nanone bishobora gufasha mu bihe by’ibiza cyangwa ibindi bihe aho imiyoboro isanzwe yangiritse, kuko satellite ishobora gutanga uburyo bw’ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rishimishije, ntabwo bivuze ko buri telefoni yose ihita itangira kuvugana na satellite. Serivisi nk’izi zisaba ibikoresho n’ubushobozi bwa network bihuye n’ikoranabuhanga rya satellite, ndetse hakaba hakenewe amategeko agenga uburyo spectrum ikoreshwa.

FCC nayo iracyari mu rugendo rwo gushyiraho amategeko n’uburyo bwo gucunga iyi serivisi. Ku wa 29 Ukwakira ni bwo biteganyijwe ko komisiyo izatora ku ntambwe ikurikira y’iyi gahunda.

Nubwo gahunda yatangajwe na FCC ireba cyane cyane isoko rya Amerika, ikoranabuhanga rya Direct-to-Device rishobora kugira akamaro no mu bihugu bifite uduce tutagerwaho neza n’imiyoboro ya telefoni.

Afurika ifite uturere twinshi two mu cyaro n’ahantu bigoye gushyira minara myinshi y’itumanaho. Niba ibigo bitandukanye bikomeje guteza imbere serivisi za satellite-to-phone kandi zikagenda ziboneka ku masoko menshi, bishobora gufungura ubundi buryo bwo kugeza itumanaho ku bantu bari kure y’ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe.

Kugeza ubu ariko, ntabwo bivuze ko telefoni zose muri Afurika cyangwa mu Rwanda zigiye guhita zikoresha satellite. Hazakenerwa kumenyekana ibigo bizatanga serivisi, ibikoresho bizabishyigikira, amabwiriza y’ibihugu ndetse n’ibiciro.

Intambwe iri guterwa na Amerika igaragaza ko imipaka hagati ya telefoni zisanzwe na satellites igenda igabanuka. Mu gihe SpaceX, Amazon n’ibindi bigo bikomeje gushora imari muri iri koranabuhanga, uburyo abantu bahuza telefoni n’isi bushobora guhinduka cyane mu myaka iri imbere.